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Who is affected by onychomycosis? Fungal nail infections would affect nearly 10% of the population, mostly adults, much more rarely children. The elderly, immunocompromised patients, athletes and people in certain occupations (people wearing tight shoes for prolonged periods) are particularly vulnerable to contamination. There are several types of fungi: depending on the location (on the edges or the base of the nail), the stage of infection and the nature of the fungus: Fungi most commonly responsible for fungal infections of the feet are dermatophytes, yeasts and then come, much more rarely, mold. Contamination occurs in multiple ways: Onychomycosis: nail fungus In public places by walking barefoot on infected soil (pool, sauna ...) After wearing closed too regularly, inadequate or too tight shoes. Also moisture is also a favorable vector contamination (excessive sweating, hand washing too frequently (in the health professions): mushrooms grow faster in heat, moisture and darkness. Differential diagnosis of onychomycosis (difficulty of diagnosis) The first signs of infection: thickening of the nail, color change, These signs are sometimes accompanied by pain and may be symptoms of other diseases of the nail fungus. Only a direct examination conducted by biologists often associated with the cultivation of a sample to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis true. Prior diagnosis and treatment is essential in the care of the patient. After examination and sampling in a specialized laboratory mycological analysis is performed to determine the nature of the infection and ensure that it is onychomycosis: the clinical appearance of the nail can evoke differential diagnoses such as psoriasis subungual example. The most appropriate treatment will be prescribed by the physician after obtaining results. Initiate treatment without making the Difference in diagnosis would be unwise because most treatments for onychomycosis are long and can have side effects, it is necessary to ensure the diagnosis before any oral or laser treatment).